Database Systems An Application Oriented Approach 2nd Edition Compete Version
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The CODASYL approach became the standard for many companies. In the 1960s and 1970s, more varied approaches to data management were developing, however. These were based on engineering and scientific data management, in which the emphasis was on the usability of the approach for data in practice.
Some database systems were a little like virtual machines. Some computer systems had a data base management system, but did not have a language for its creation. However, from the 1960s on, some products included, and others were based on, a programming language for working with data. These were typically called data programming languages, or data languages.
A number of proprietary languages for data were developed. One of the most important was the Ingres database system, which appeared in the early 1970s. It was developed by Ingres, Inc., based on the ideas of Ingres Software. Ingres was originally developed by the University of California, and was then bought by Prentice Hall as part of their computer book business. In the late 1960s, Ingres Software hired a number of experienced systems developers to develop an advanced data management language for Ingres. This became the Ingres Data Base Management System (IDMS). The Ingres Data Language (IDL) was designed to be a data language that could be used with IDMS. The system was a general-purpose DBMS rather than a specialized one. IDL was based on the concepts of Ingres Software, but was implemented in a more limited form. IDL was designed to run on a very flexible computer architecture, and to allow the use of a complex language for defining data. However, the Ingres Data Language was not successful commercially.
It is this idea that is the basis of most modern relational database management systems. The paper proposed three types of data: atomic, relational, and transitive.[14] The atomic data type is non-relational: all attributes are independent of each other. The relational data type is two-dimensional, with only one dimension for data and the other for attributes. The transitive data type is three-dimensional, with one dimension for data, one for attributes, and one for relationships. 827ec27edc